Pericoronitis / Wisdom Tooth Infection — What You Must Do Immediately

A wisdom tooth infection can cause intense pain, swelling, jaw stiffness, and difficulty opening the mouth. When bacteria become trapped beneath the gum tissue covering a partially erupted wisdom tooth, the surrounding area can become inflamed and infected — a condition known as pericoronitis.

Pericoronitis is time-sensitive. Within emergency dentistry, this type of infection is assessed based on how far inflammation has spread and whether surrounding tissues or jaw movement are becoming involved. Early diagnostic evaluation allows infection to be stabilised before it progresses beyond the local area.
Without timely assessment and intervention, wisdom tooth infections can extend into the jaw, cheek, throat, or deeper facial spaces, increasing pain, restricting mouth opening, and making treatment more complex.

At Deepcar Dental, patients from Deepcar, Sheffield North, Stocksbridge, Oughtibridge, Wadsley, and Barnsley are treated by Dr Ibraheem Ijaz, a GDC-registered Principal Dentist with advanced postgraduate training in restorative, digital, and emergency dentistry.

Signs & Symptoms

Pericoronitis may cause:

  • Pain behind the back molars
  • Swelling of the gum around a wisdom tooth
  • Facial or cheek swelling on one side
  • Bad taste or persistent bad breath
  • Difficulty opening the mouth (trismus)
  • Pain when swallowing
  • Jaw or ear pain caused by inflammation around a wisdom tooth
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Pus discharge from the gum
  • Fever or general unwellness in advanced cases

Causes

Pericoronitis develops when bacteria accumulate beneath a gum flap covering a partially erupted wisdom tooth. Common causes include:

  • Trapped food and plaque under the gum flap
  • Difficulty cleaning wisdom teeth properly
  • Crowding or lack of space for eruption
  • Trauma from the opposing upper tooth biting the gum
  • Impacted or angled wisdom teeth
  • Reduced immunity or systemic stress

Is This a Dental Emergency?

Yes. Pericoronitis is a dental emergency when symptoms are worsening or spreading.

Urgent assessment is required if there is facial swelling, difficulty opening the mouth, pain spreading to the ear or throat, fever, pus discharge, or difficulty swallowing.

Types & Severity

The severity of pericoronitis ranges from mild inflammation to serious infection:

  • Mild pericoronitis
    Localised gum inflammation with manageable pain.

  • Moderate pericoronitis
    Swelling, pus discharge, and increasing jaw discomfort.

  • Severe pericoronitis
    Spreading infection with trismus, facial swelling, or systemic symptoms.

Severity determines whether treatment focuses on local control or urgent infection management.

How the Condition Is Diagnosed at Deepcar Dental

Diagnosis follows a structured clinical assessment to determine the severity of infection and the most appropriate treatment approach.

Clinical Examination

  • Assessment of gum inflammation and swelling
  • Presence of pus or discharge
  • Position of the wisdom tooth
  • Trauma caused by the opposing upper tooth

Digital X-Rays

  • Identification of impacted or partially erupted wisdom teeth
  • Detection of decay affecting the wisdom tooth
  • Evaluation of surrounding bone involvement

Infection Severity Assessment

  • Determines whether infection is localised or spreading
  • Guides whether treatment can be managed conservatively
  • Identifies cases requiring surgical intervention

How the Condition Is Treated at Deepcar Dental

Treatment aims to control infection, relieve pain, and prevent recurrence by addressing the underlying cause.

1. Assessment and Diagnosis

Treatment planning is guided by:

  • Determining whether the wisdom tooth is partially erupted or impacted
  • Assessing the depth and spread of infection
  • Identifying pus formation or abscess risk
  • Evaluating bite trauma from the opposing tooth
  • Deciding whether the tooth can be stabilised or requires removal

2. Emergency Stabilisation

Immediate measures focus on infection control and symptom relief, including:

  • Thorough irrigation beneath the gum flap
  • Removal of trapped debris and bacteria
  • Drainage of pus where present
  • Pain and inflammation control
  • Antibiotics only when clinically necessary

3. Definitive Treatment Options

Definitive treatment depends on severity and recurrence and may include:

Where pericoronitis is recurrent, removal of the wisdom tooth is often the most predictable long-term solution.

What Happens If You Delay Treatment

Delaying treatment may lead to:

  • Untreated pericoronitis can progress into a gum abscess.
  • Progressive facial or jaw swelling
  • Jaw muscle spasm and restricted opening
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Spread of infection into deeper facial spaces
  • Systemic infection in severe cases

Pericoronitis rarely resolves permanently without professional care.

What To Do Before Your Appointment

Do:

  • Rinse gently with warm saltwater
  • Apply a cold compress if swollen
  • Take recommended pain relief
  • Eat soft foods
  • Keep the area as clean as possible

Avoid:

  • Alcohol or smoking
  • Poking or pressing the gum flap
  • Hard or chewy foods
  • Delaying assessment

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Do all infected wisdom teeth need to be removed?

No, but recurrent or impacted wisdom teeth often require removal to prevent repeat infections.

Yes. Inflammation frequently spreads to jaw muscles and nearby nerves.

Antibiotics help control infection but do not remove the underlying cause.

Need Urgent Assessment for a wisdom tooth infection?

Early diagnosis relieves pain, controls infection, and prevents serious complications. Calm, same-day emergency care is available across Deepcar and surrounding areas.