Pus in Gums / Gum Abscess — What You Must Do Immediately

Seeing pus around the gums is never normal. It is a clear clinical sign of active infection within the gum tissue or around the root of a tooth. Pus may appear as a small pimple-like swelling, discharge suddenly with a bad taste, or be accompanied by increasing pain, pressure, and facial swelling.

A gum abscess is time-sensitive. Within emergency dentistry, the presence of pus signals that infection is no longer contained and requires prompt diagnostic assessment to prevent further spread into surrounding tissues. Early evaluation allows the infection to be stabilised safely, reduces the risk of complications, and helps limit damage to the tooth, bone, and supporting structures.

At Deepcar Dental, patients from Deepcar, Sheffield North, Stocksbridge, Oughtibridge, Wadsley, and Barnsley are treated by Dr Ibraheem Ijaz, a GDC-registered Principal Dentist with advanced postgraduate training in restorative, periodontal, digital, and emergency dentistry.

Signs & Symptoms

A gum abscess may cause:

  • A pimple-like swelling on the gum
  • Visible pus or discharge
  • Persistent bad taste or bad breath
  • Localised gum swelling or redness
  • Throbbing or pressure-type pain
  • Pain when chewing or biting
  • Facial swelling or a swollen face as infection spreads
  • Sensitivity to heat
  • Localised bleeding gums around the infected area
  • Jaw or ear pain if infection spreads
  • Fever or feeling unwell in advanced cases

Causes

Gum abscesses develop when bacteria become trapped and are unable to drain properly. Common causes include:

  • Advanced gum disease with deep gum pockets
  • Trapped food or debris beneath the gumline
  • Hardened calculus (tartar)
  • Trauma to the gum tissue
  • A cracked tooth can allow bacteria to spread into surrounding gum tissue.
  • Deep tooth decay reaching the nerve
  • Failing or leaking dental restorations

Is This a Dental Emergency?

Yes. A gum abscess is always a dental emergency.

Active infection can spread rapidly and unpredictably. Same-day assessment is required if pus, swelling, increasing pain, fever, or general unwellness is present.

Types & Severity

Gum abscesses generally fall into two clinical categories:

1. Periodontal (gum-related) abscess

Infection confined to the gum tissues and supporting bone.

2. Periapical (tooth-related) abscess

Infection originating from inside the tooth and spreading outward.

Severity depends on the depth of infection, bone involvement, and whether drainage is possible.

How the Condition Is Diagnosed at Deepcar Dental

Diagnosis follows a structured clinical process:

  1. Clinical Examination
    Assessment of swelling, pus discharge, gum tenderness, and tooth stability.

  2. Digital X-Rays
    Used to identify bone loss, hidden infection, decay, or root involvement.

  3. Periodontal Probing
    Measures gum pocket depth to determine periodontal disease involvement.

  4. Vitality Testing
    Determines whether the tooth nerve is alive or infected.

How the Condition Is Treated at Deepcar Dental

Treatment focuses on identifying the source of infection, controlling its spread, and removing the underlying cause to protect surrounding teeth, bone, and oral health.

1. Assessment and Diagnosis

The treatment plan is guided by a focused clinical assessment, including:

  • Identifying whether the abscess is gum-related (periodontal) or tooth-related (periapical)
  • Assessing the depth and spread of infection
  • Evaluating gum pocket depth and bone involvement
  • Checking tooth vitality and nerve infection
  • Determining whether the tooth is restorable or requires removal

2. Emergency Stabilisation

Immediate measures focus on controlling infection and pressure, including:

  • Drainage of pus where possible
  • Irrigation and cleaning of the infected area
  • Reduction of bacterial load
  • Pain and inflammation control

3. Definitive Treatment Options

Definitive treatment depends on the source of infection and may include:

The goal is always to eliminate infection and preserve the natural tooth when clinically possible.

What Happens If You Delay Treatment

Delaying treatment may result in:

  • Spread of infection into bone or soft tissues
  • Progressive bone loss
  • Tooth mobility or loss
  • Facial swelling
  • Difficulty opening the mouth
  • Sinus involvement (upper teeth)
  • Rare but serious systemic infection

What To Do Before Your Appointment

Do:

  • Rinse gently with warm saltwater
  • Apply a cold compress for swelling
  • Take recommended pain relief
  • Eat soft foods
  • Keep the area as clean as possible

Avoid:

  • Pressing or bursting the abscess
  • Hot foods or drinks
  • Alcohol or smoking
  • Poking the area
  • Delaying professional assessment

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Do gum abscesses go away on their own?
No — they require dental treatment to remove the source of infection.

No. Antibiotics may limit spread but do not remove the source.

Recurring abscesses indicate unresolved gum disease, a cracked tooth, or persistent root infection.

Need Urgent Assessment for Pus in the Gums?

Early diagnosis stops infection, protects bone, and improves the chance of saving the tooth. Calm, same-day emergency care is available across Deepcar and surrounding areas.